Four Arm Kniffen: (FAK)
The Four Arm Kniffen system is commonly used for table grape and french hybrid varieties. This training method features a quadrilateral fruiting cane setup with two primary fruiting zones. A larger main trunk extends vertically to the top wire while 4 fruiting canes extend horizontally – two at the top wire and two at an intermediate wire. This training system requires a simple three-wire trellis, making it a cost-effective and straightforward option.
Vertical Shoot Positioning: (VSP)
The Vertical Shoot Positioning system is traditionally favored for Vitis Vinifera varieties. It consists of a single fruiting zone along the first, and sometimes second, cordon wire, with vertical curtain growth. Movable catch wires are used to guide and secure shoots into their upright positions, promoting improved airflow and sunlight exposure for the fruit. This system typically requires one or two fruiting wires, along with two or three pairs of catch wires.
Pendelbogen:
The Pendelbogen system is a variation of the Guyot Double system. It utilizes two fruiting canes that are arched upward, forming a bow-like shape. This arch promotes more uniform sap distribution, enhancing yield potential. Similar to VSP, Pendelbogen features vertically growing shoots that extend from the arched fruiting canes. The trellis requirements mirror those of VSP, with movable catch wires and one or two main fruiting wires.
